Today, young families are increasingly faced with the problem of infertility. The reasons that spouses fail to achieve pregnancy may be different. In 30% of cases, wine problems are in the female body, another 30% are male diseases, but in 10-15% of all infertile couples, incompatibility during conception has an effect.

Symptoms

If both participants in the conception process are healthy, have a systematic sexual relationship, do not use contraceptives, but at the same time a woman cannot become pregnant for a long time, then they should consult a doctor.

The incompatibility of partners at conception has the following features:

• The absence of pregnancy in a woman for a year or more, subject to regular sexual intercourse without the use of contraceptives.
• Permanent miscarriages, which usually occur in the first trimester of pregnancy, when a woman often does not even know about her situation.
• Intrauterine death of a child or the birth of an unviable baby.

Immunological or genetic abnormalities affect sexual contradiction at conception. To find out the cause of this problem, you need to see a doctor, do the necessary test and analysis. After the diagnosis and a series of examinations, a course of treatment will be prescribed.

Immunological incompatibility

This problem manifests itself in the fact that the woman’s body releases antibodies to her husband’s sperm, which block them and do not allow them to fulfill their function. This is a kind of allergy in a woman to ejaculate a man. In some cases, the production of antibodies in a man for his own sperm.

Doctors believe that the presence of antibodies to spouse's sperm in female representatives is directly related to the sexually transmitted diseases and infections, as well as to the number of different sexual partners. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, a couple must pass a test or compatibility analysis.

Blood type

A positive course of pregnancy and the birth of a healthy baby often occurs in those parents who have favorable compatibility of blood groups for conception of the firstborn. You can do a special test for this.

It is believed that those spouses who have a higher blood type than men have more chances to get pregnant. For example, the father has the second blood type, and the future mother has the first. But such a theory is not medically proven.

Also, a positive tendency to successful fertilization occurs when parents are carriers of different groups, but at the same time the same Rh factor (positive or negative).

In cases where the blood type is the same and the rhesus is different, difficulties may arise with conceiving a healthy child.

A man with a third negative and a woman with a second negative have every chance of having a healthy baby. Moreover, he will have a negative blood group.

Rhesus mismatch

At its core, the Rh factor is special proteins that are located on human red blood cells. Most (about 80%) people have these proteins, that is, the Rh factor is positive. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200b- with a negative Rh factor. It is known that the Rh factor is formed at 7–8 weeks of fetal development and does not change throughout life.

If a woman has a negative Rhesus and a man has a positive Rh, complications can occur during pregnancy. Up to a miscarriage.

For a successful pregnancy, both spouses must have the same Rh factor of blood: either negative, or positive or positive in a woman and any in a father. If the rhesus does not match, this can cause various problems both during the initiation of a new life, and during pregnancy, as well as immediately after childbirth. Therefore, an analysis to determine the blood rhesus is a must when planning pregnancy.

Genetic incompatibility

This type of mismatch of the couple can lead to the birth of a child with genetic abnormalities or various kinds of diseases. The reasons for the occurrence of genetic incompatibility in parents can be:

• The presence of any genetic diseases in one of the spouses, which are inherited.
• If the age of future parents is more than 35 years.
• Partners are blood relatives.
• Also affected by the adverse ecology of the area, and other reasons.

Fortunately, complete genetic inconsistency is extremely rare, and modern medicine successfully learns to deal with partial incompatibility. Such couples are under the special control of physicians and are carefully observed already from the first days of pregnancy. They pass a special test and pass an analysis, the result of which is entered in a special table.

Treatment

If the couple turned to the doctors for help in time, then the right treatment can help them soon become happy parents. To overcome the problem of immunological inconsistency of spouses, doctors most often give the following recommendations for action:

• It is necessary to use contraceptives for some time to reduce the severity of the reaction of the female body to male sperm.
• It is necessary to undergo treatment with antihistamines.
• It is also necessary to take immunostimulants.
• Sometimes immunological mismatch can be circumvented by intrauterine administration of sperm.

Immunological inconsistency is not a sentence. Even in this situation, there is still a chance to get pregnant and have a healthy baby, but there may already be problems with subsequent attempts at pregnancy.

Compatibility Tests

Couples who are not able to become pregnant for a long time should consult a doctor and pass a compatibility test to conceive. They need to take a blood test and undergo a diagnostic examination. You also need to pass a postcoital test. It is recommended to do this study within 6–8 hours after unprotected intercourse, since male sperm should be present in the laboratory materials of the woman’s cervical mucus. Analysis is best done during ovulation.

So, to conceive and have a healthy baby, you need to prepare in advance. It is necessary:

• Pass examination and diagnostics.
• Pass all required tests and analyzes.
• Determine the Rh factor in parents (negative or positive).
• Find out the presence or absence of blood compatibility for conception.
• Screened for the presence of antibodies in the body of a woman.
• Test for the presence of genetic diseases in both partners.

Even if the test shows the inconsistency of parents in at least one indicator, do not despair. It must be remembered that the main factor in a successful pregnancy is the sincere love of partners, as well as a great desire to have a baby.

Doctors keep track of couples for which incompatibility is detected. A special table is compiled, in which the data of analyzes and tests are entered. It is constantly monitored and monitored. If necessary, the couple is prescribed medication, which gives a chance to conceive and bear a healthy child.

A negative Rh factor in a woman during pregnancy is a serious reason for doctors to worry about the health of an unborn baby. Rhesus conflict can provoke the development of various pathologies in the crumbs. However, modern medicine is already able to prevent the dangerous consequences of this phenomenon. What is dangerous conflict of Rhesus factors of mother and child? When can it occur and what precautions should be observed to ensure that the baby is born healthy?

Rhesus factor

Over the course of long studies, scientists have found that more than 80% of people have specific antibodies in their blood.  This is a special kind of protein called agglutinogen. And only in 20% of the world's population this protein is not observed in the blood. Thus, the Rh factor is an indicator of the presence of D antibodies in the body. Those who have positive Rhesus and vice versa.

These indicators are extremely important for any person throughout life. This analysis is carried out at birth and further as necessary. This is especially important if you need an emergency blood infusion, because if a person is injected with biomaterial with an excellent Rh factor, a conflict can occur, which sometimes even leads to death.

Conflict Performance

What is a rhesus conflict? This is an incompatibility of blood indicators in a woman and her unborn baby. This phenomenon occurs only if the future mother has Rhesus with a minus, and the biological father of a baby with a plus. However, a conflict arises only if the baby inherits his father's indicators. In such a situation, the development of a rhesus conflict in mom and child is not unlikely.

What is happening at this moment? When a child forms its own circulatory system, its blood cells can enter the mother’s bloodstream. At the same time, the woman’s immune system begins to perceive the baby’s blood as an enemy. Immunity is actively fighting this enemy. Thus, maternal blood cells begin to actively destroy an unborn baby. Getting through the placenta into the blood crumbs of the mother’s antibodies kill the baby’s blood cells. As a result of this struggle, a baby can develop various dangerous pathologies.

Also, this situation can cause premature birth or miscarriage.

However, a rhesus conflict is observed only in 10% of all pregnancies with a negative rhesus mother. In most cases, doctors manage to avoid dangerous consequences, and the child is born completely healthy. Negative blood type and pregnancy, today this is not a ban, but only an occasion for more careful monitoring of a woman and her baby.

Analysis

When placed in a gynecologist’s office for observation, each woman is tested for Rh factor and blood type. This is necessary in order to take timely preventive measures if a woman suddenly has a negative blood type during pregnancy. In such situations, a woman’s sexual partner also needs to donate blood for examination.

It is worth noting that during the first pregnancy, the occurrence of a resus conflict between a mother and a child is quite rare. The thing is that antibodies have not yet been developed in the mother’s body and the child practically does not suffer. Subsequent pregnancies may already be complicated.

There are several factors that can increase the risk of conflict, namely:

• Past abortions.
• Risk of miscarriage.
• Severe previous birth.
• An infusion of blood with the opposite rhesus.

A negative Rh factor during pregnancy should be detected in a woman as early as possible. A future mother with this phenomenon should be put on a special account. During the entire period of carrying a baby, she will have to take a blood test for antibodies. It is worth noting that in the case of a negative blood group in women during pregnancy, abortion is strictly contraindicated, especially if the husband is Rh positive. Termination of the first pregnancy may put an end to future motherhood.

Give birth or not

Many girls with a negative Rhesus factor are simply afraid to become pregnant and have children. However, modern gynecologists insist that negative consequences can be completely avoided and a healthy child can endure. Yes, of course there is a risk of Rhesus conflict, but these are isolated cases. Firstly, do not worry when a man is negative and a woman is positive. In such couples with bearing a baby, there are no problems. If both partners have a negative Rhesus, for example, the wife has the first negative, and the husband has the third negative blood type, the pregnancy also passes without complications, because the child will inherit the same Rhesus as the parents.

However, the presence of a negative Rh factor only in a woman is not a reason to abandon the happiness of motherhood. Today, such women only have to more carefully observe all the recommendations of doctors and regularly donate blood for the detection of antibodies. Modern drugs allow you to quickly cleanse the mother’s blood from harmful cells, and the child grows and develops normally.

Also in the arsenal of doctors today there are other methods to protect the child from the development of pathologies. This is an infusion of blood with a negative Rh factor to the baby, and the baby is protected from biological exchange with the mother.

These measures are applied in extreme cases, only when the baby really is in serious danger.

In some cases, pregnancy monitoring with a negative Rh factor should take place in a hospital. If you are scheduled for hospitalization, in no case do not refuse. After all, the health of your baby depends on this.

The most mysterious group

Most disputes among doctors are about the fourth negative blood type. Until recently, it was believed that the 4th group of blood with a negative Rh factor is incompatible with the bearing of a child. However, recent studies have proven that patients give birth to healthy babies perfectly. At the same time, an amazing fact was discovered, for people in whom the fourth group can transfuse any blood, the main thing is that the rhesus coincides.

The fourth blood group is the youngest. This means that it carries information about modern living conditions. It is proved that people who have this blood type are more resilient and can perfectly adapt to different living conditions. These facts indicate that women can successfully bear and give birth to children. All rumors about the dangers of giving birth to a 4 negative group are common myths and misconceptions.

Features of childbirth

Often you can hear rumors that the 3 negative blood group is the cause of difficult birth and complications. Yes, such blood is a rarity, but giving birth with it is not more difficult than, for example, if a woman has 1 negative. All women with negative blood, if their husband has a positive Rhesus factor, should be under special supervision during pregnancy and childbirth.

If a pregnant woman did not observe any complications while bearing a child, childbirth is recommended to be carried out naturally. If there was a risk of developing Rh conflict, it is recommended to have an operative birth at 38 weeks of gestation. At the same time, it is important that doctors have blood in reserve for emergency transfusion of a suitable group.

After birth, if antibodies are found in the mother’s blood, breastfeeding is prohibited for several days. This is due to the fact that antigens entering the baby’s body will destroy it, causing the development of pathologies. When antibodies disappear, feeding is not prohibited. This applies only to those children who have inherited a positive Rhesus father.

If the baby was born with the same blood as her mother, there are no prohibitions on feeding.

In order for a woman to become pregnant and give birth to a healthy baby more than once, after the first birth she needs to receive an injection of anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin within 3 days. Also, this measure should be used for abortion or miscarriage. This will clear the mother’s blood of antibodies dangerous for the child, and subsequent pregnancy will proceed without complications.

If you are not sure that there is such an injection in the maternity hospital, it is better to purchase it yourself before the planned birth. This question is best solved with your gynecologist, he will give detailed recommendations so that you can still have children. Most often, children after birth do not suffer from serious diseases and do not need special care. Modern medicine allows women with negative blood to give birth as much as she wants.

Many women with negative blood knowingly refuse a second pregnancy. They attribute this to fears for the health and life of the unborn child. However, today doctors say that with all the recommendations of specialists, the risk of complications is almost zero. Just in this case, you need to be a little more responsible, attentive and accommodating. Performing all the prescribed tests and procedures, you can give birth to many more healthy babies.

In contact with

If you are one of those expectant mothers who are very worried about their negative Rh factor, then find out what the danger is, in fact, and not just be afraid. The head doctor of the MAMA clinic Victoria Viktorovna Zaletova explains what women need to know in such a situation.

Rhesus factor - This substance (protein) in the blood, which 85 percent of all people have, they are called "Rh-positive." The remaining 15 percent are Rh negative. The Rhesus factor is found in the red blood cells of humans and rhesus macaques (hence the name). A negative Rh factor usually does not manifest itself badly. Particular attention is required only to Rh-negative women who want to have a baby.

When a “negative” wife and a “positive” husband are combined in a family, there is a danger of a Rhesus conflict, but fortunately, not everyone has this. Rhesus conflict can occur only if the fetus inherits Rhesus from the father. Then the baby’s blood will be alien to the mother: the Rh factor of the fetus overcomes the placenta and enters the woman’s blood, and her body, having perceived this unfamiliar harmful substance, begins to develop protection - antibodies. Maternal antibodies make their way through the placenta to the baby and attack red blood cells. A large amount of a substance called bilirubin appears in the blood. Because of him, the baby looks painted yellow. Since the erythrocytes of the fetus are continuously destroyed, his liver and spleen try to work, which is strength, while increasing in size. In the end, and they can not cope. Anemia occurs (low blood levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin).

Thus, protecting a mother, antibodies pose a serious threat to her baby. In severe Rh conflict, intrauterine fetal death and miscarriage are possible at any stage of pregnancy. Brain malfunctions and the development of pathologies of hearing and speech are also possible. In the most severe cases, the Rh conflict is manifested by congenital dropsy (edema) of the fetus, which can lead to its death.

In a newborn, blood replacement helps - transfusion. He is injected with single-group Rh-negative blood and placed in intensive care. This procedure is effective only within 36 hours after delivery.

It is possible and necessary to insure a child from such problems before birth, when planning pregnancy. First, you need to find out the blood group and the Rh factor, both yours and your husband - take a blood test. In addition to the Rhesus factor, conflict may develop if the blood of the future mother and child is incompatible in the group. Group incompatibility develops if the mother has the first blood group - 0 (I), and the child - the second A (II) or third B (III).

All is well if both spouses have Rhesus positive, or both negative. Then all their children will also be one Rhesus, and the conflict will not be able to arise. If the future father has a Rhesus factor positive and the mother negative, then in 50 percent of cases it is necessary to take preventive measures.

Incompatibility of Rh partners is not a reason for frustration or abandonment of the dream of a child. Those 15 percent of women whose Rh factor is negative are also able to become mothers. The prospect is this: a woman will have to donate blood from a vein quite often for the presence of antibodies. Up to thirty-two weeks of pregnancy - once a month, from the 32nd to the 35th week - twice a month, and then until the birth every week. This procedure, of course, is not the most pleasant, but absolutely necessary. According to the level of antibodies in the blood of a pregnant woman, the doctor can draw conclusions about the alleged Rh factor in the child and determine the onset of the Rh conflict.

As a rule, during the first pregnancy, the Rh conflict rarely develops. With repeated pregnancies, the likelihood of problems increases. Indeed, in the blood of a woman who has given birth, there may be protective antibodies (“memory cells”) left over from a previous pregnancy. They pass through the placenta to the child and begin to destroy his red blood cells. Sometimes it is necessary to resort to childbirth before the deadline and replace the blood of the newborn.

Today, the development of the Rh conflict can be prevented by the introduction of a special vaccine - anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin - immediately after the first birth and even after termination of pregnancy. This drug binds aggressive antibodies that are formed in the blood of the mother and threaten the unborn baby, and removes them from the body. The administration of Rh antibodies can also be carried out during pregnancy. Rh-negative women should be prevented with immunoglobulin within 72 hours after giving birth, placental abruption, amniocentesis, spontaneous miscarriage, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, blood transfusion.

Nowadays, medicine successfully copes with the treatment of Rh conflict.

In the MAMA clinic you can undergo a full examination to find out the causes of infertility or to clarify the diagnosis. You can discuss the necessary examination volume with the clinic doctor at the initial appointment. Remember that the examination process may reveal circumstances that require additional analyzes. That is why it is not always possible to talk about the exact timing and scope of the examination.

You can make an appointment with the doctor about a week before the intended visit on any working day. Recording is done by phone in Moscow +7 495 921-34-26

Take the first step - make an appointment!

A negative Rh factor is not a reason for panic or, especially, abandonment of pregnancy. However, you will have to carefully monitor your condition and not forget about the doctors.

Rhesus is a blood factor, scientists agreed to call a specific protein (antigen), which is located on the surface of red blood cells - red blood cells. This antigen owes its name to rhesus monkeys, in the blood of which protein was discovered for the first time. About 15% of the population has no antigen - it is the absence of protein that is called "".

When Rhesus conflict is possible

Own red blood cells and antigens in a child begin to be produced around the 8th week of fetal development. If the red blood cells of a Rh-positive fetus get into the blood of a Rh-negative mother, her immune system will perceive this as a danger and the development of antibodies will begin to fight with a foreign protein. If there are too many antibodies, they can attack the fetal red blood cells, which threatens serious problems to the unborn baby.

The probability of Rhesus conflict in numbers

Mother	Dad	Child	Probability of conflict
		75% + 25% —
	+	50% + 50% —	50%
+	—	50% + 50% —

Rh-positive blood in a child of a Rh-negative mother is possible only if the antigen is present in the blood of the pope, and this probability exists only in half of the cases.

When Rhesus-conflict is not worth fear

If the father of the unborn baby has a negative Rhesus. In this case, the baby will inherit the same blood, and everything will be done without problems.

In the case when the baby will have the same blood as the mother - Rh negative. Statistics say that this is possible in about 10% of pregnancies.

During the bearing of the first baby, usually a very small amount of antibodies is produced that cannot harm the baby. But this situation requires additional actions to avoid during the next pregnancy.

Rh negative pregnancy

The Rhesus factor, like the blood group, does not change throughout life, so it is important to know the parameters of your blood, and especially if you plan on having a baby. Even before conception, it is important to find out whether there are antibodies to antigen-D in the blood, as well as their number, or else - the titer. An antibody test can also be done after conception, but it is important to do this before the 20th week of pregnancy.

• If, according to the results of the analysis, the antibody titer is not increased (less than 1: 4), then, according to the doctor’s decision, it is possible to administer anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin at an early date, in the absence of antibodies, the first injection is given at the 28th week of pregnancy. The principle of the vaccine is that the introduced antibodies cope with the red blood cells of the child, which were in the mother’s blood, but do not attack the fetus and prevent the body from producing its own antibodies.
• It is important to know that with a negative rhesus, any intrauterine interventions are extremely undesirable, for example, the intake of chorionic villi or amniotic fluid.

• The likelihood of sensitization is not only after the birth of the baby, but also as a result of an abortion, after a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy, even a blood transfusion can become a cause. In any of these cases, the introduction of immunoglobulin is necessary in order to prevent the production of antibodies - this is the most important task in case of negative Rh.
• Knowing the specificity of your blood and possible difficulties, it is worthwhile even before pregnancy to take care of finding and acquiring anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin.
• Pregnancy management with negative Rhesus has its own nuances - more often you will have to donate blood, undergo an ultrasound scan, after the 24th week - Doppler ultrasound scan. All this is necessary in order to control the production of antibodies and take urgent measures if necessary.
• After birth, it is important to determine the Rhesus status in the newborn and the presence of antibodies in mother's blood. If the child is Rh-negative, then everything worked out and additional actions are not needed. In the case when the baby is positive Rh and the mother does not detect antibodies, within three days (72 hours) it is necessary to introduce a second dose of anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin so that the next pregnancy passes without problems.

Not so long ago, a negative Rh factor of blood during pregnancy was a serious threat to its course. Doctors predicted the expectant mother, especially if she is pregnant with a second or third child, a range of negative consequences for the baby. If a woman, having a negative Rh factor, for some reason decided to artificially interrupt the bearing of the fetus, an abortion could cause further childlessness.

Today the situation has changed dramatically. Modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods can minimize the risks of the presence of negative indicators of this parameter in the mother.

What is a Rhesus factor?

In the blood of humans and animals, there are red blood cells in the body, on the surface of which there is an antigen or protein, called the Rh factor. This is a constant indicator and it cannot change throughout life. Sometimes there is evidence that, after medical manipulations in humans, this blood parameter changes. But it is scientifically proven that its change is impossible. The answer to the question why such information appears is the erroneous results of determining the presence of antigen before or after medical manipulation.

If human red blood cells have this antigen, the Rh factor is called positive, if it is not, it is called negative. More than 85% of the world's population are carriers of positive rhesus. Information about whether a person has an antigen or not is necessary for blood transfusion, providing him with emergency medical care, surgical intervention. These parameters are sometimes used to determine the sex of the unborn child, but there is no data confirming the accuracy of such methods.

It is reliably known that the detection of a negative Rh factor du in a patient means that, if necessary, a blood transfusion is performed only with a negative indicator.

During pregnancy, the Rh factor is very important. If the mother is negative, and the husband is positive, the baby can inherit the paternal antigen. This is fraught with the development of a Rhesus conflict, with which the mother’s body will struggle with the active production of antibodies, perceiving the growing baby as an alien body. If you do not take measures, the course of such a pregnancy will end negatively.

The compatibility of Rh factors and blood groups with each other is determined by a special table.

(Table picture)

When both spouses have the same positive or negative Rh factor, they have nothing to worry about. It is only necessary to take measures during the bearing of the baby with different values \u200b\u200bof this indicator in young parents.

Features of pregnancy with negative rhesus

If the parents have different antigen indicators, and there is a likelihood of a Rhesus conflict during gestation, this is not a reason for the disorder. Sensitive observation of specialists and regular testing, as well as knowledge of how to give birth with a negative Rhesus factor, will help you pass this stage without risks for the child.

At the first pregnancy

Only during pregnancy does a woman first encounter unfamiliar, alien antigens. It is likely that the production of antibodies against antigens will not begin at all. In the first pregnancy, the process of their production (if it started) is slow. The decrease in immunity due to a change in the hormonal background and the slowness of white blood cells contribute to the fact that the Rhesus conflict either does not start at all, or is mild.

In the second and subsequent pregnancies

Faced with foreign antigens, the body acquires “cellular memory”. This means that the next time it encounters a foreign antigen, the formation of antibodies in the female body will occur much faster. With each subsequent time, the speed of the process increases, increasing the inevitability of the development of the Rhesus conflict.

Memorization occurs not only after the successful bearing of the baby, but also after a miscarriage, abortion, medical intervention involving blood transfusion.

If the Rhesus conflict in the body of a young mother has developed, modern medical methods are able to correct the situation at the time. She is advised to constantly be supervised by specialists.

Consequences of a negative Rh factor during pregnancy

A pregnant woman with a negative rhesus is required to take an antibody test every month. The obstetrician-gynecologist pays close attention to the support of pregnancy with such a history. Until the thirty-second week, a venous blood test for antibodies is performed every month. After the thirty-second week, it should be taken every couple of weeks. From 35 weeks - weekly.

Otherwise, the bearing of a baby by a mother with a negative Rhesus does not differ from the course of a normal pregnancy. From the swiftness of the development of antibodies depends on whether it will be necessary to introduce immunoglobulin to the expectant mother.

Influence on the health of the baby

If preventive measures are not taken, dangerous pathological processes are launched:

1. Reducing the number of red blood cells in the fetus, responsible for the transport of oxygen, from which oxygen starvation gradually develops. First of all, it affects the development of the heart and brain.
2. The amount of bilirubin is increasing. It is produced by the destruction of red blood cells. An increasing number of bilirubin causes serious intoxication of the fetus.
3. Strengthening the production of red blood cells by the spleen and the liver of the child, causing an increase in these organs and their pathological development.
4. The development of an imbalance in the blood, the violation of the production of blood particles, the development of pathologies of the development of the spinal cord, congenital hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic disease of newborns (GBN) is manifested by pale skin, general weakness.

Methods for diagnosing problems with a negative Rh factor during pregnancy

The presence of antibodies in a young mother is determined at the very beginning of gestation. Many women know about their rhesus long before conception and the onset of an “interesting situation”. The obstetrician-gynecologist puts such a mom on a special account. Having revealed a negative antibody test result, the doctor prescribes the delivery of venous blood to the expectant mother every month to control the rate of antibody formation. The closer the date of birth, the more often the young mother has to take tests to control the situation.

In addition to a pregnant woman’s blood test, scheduled ultrasound examinations are prescribed, on which close attention is paid to the condition of the baby’s liver and spleen, as well as to what condition the placenta is in.

If any pathologies are detected, cardiotocography (CTG) is additionally performed, as well as dopplerometry. These studies allow us to evaluate the work of the cardiovascular system of the child, as well as whether a sufficient amount of oxygen is supplied to him through the uteroplacental blood flow.

If the analysis for anti-Rhesus bodies shows their rapid growth, invasive diagnostic methods are used. This diagnostic method is dangerous due to leakage of water surrounding the fetus, the risk of infection, the formation of a hematoma on the umbilical cord.

Analysis of amniotic fluid is the most reliable study, which indicates the exact amount of bilirubin produced by the baby, which allows to assess the condition of the fetus. The collection of material from the umbilical cord also provides reliable information about the composition of the blood of the fetus.

Specificity of childbirth

If the incompatibility of the Rh factors did not lead to the rapid formation of antibodies and pregnancy proceeded normally, without pathologies, the baby may be born naturally. During delivery, the production of antibodies in the mother's body can be activated in connection with the loss of a certain amount of blood. For this, in the delivery room, the obstetrician-gynecologist should have at hand a portion of blood of the same group and rhesus as the woman in labor. To exclude the risk of pathologies during the birth process, a woman in labor is allowed to administer an immunoglobulin injection.

In cases where the child did not inherit the maternal Rhesus, but men, and when the baby was born, the Rhesus conflict arose, a decision is made on delivery by cesarean section. A problem pregnancy is maintained and maintained for up to 37-38 weeks, and a planned operation is performed upon reaching this period.

In severe situations, a newborn baby is given a blood transfusion of the same group and rhesus as the mother. In the early days, a newborn is not fed with breast milk, but with mixtures. This is due to the fact that breast milk still contains antibodies. If they enter the baby's body, they will begin to destroy the red blood cells of his blood.

Immunoglobulin is administered to the young mother within 72 hours after delivery. This will prevent the development of conflict in subsequent pregnancies. The same measures should be taken after an abortion or miscarriage. It is extremely important to meet the injection within three days.

Even if the first birth and the period of gestation passed without complications and the woman plans the next pregnancy from a man with positive Rhesus, memory cells will still develop in her body, therefore, for the next birth, the drug for injection will either have to be purchased on its own or clarify its presence in the maternity ward the house.

More information about what a Rhesus conflict is, why it is bad, and how a pregnancy proceeds with such an anamnesis can be found in the video:

Conclusion

A negative Rhesus mother is not a reason to abandon motherhood, and the incompatibility of Rhesus with a beloved man is not a reason to part with it. In the vast majority of cases, bearing a baby in this circumstance proceeds without pathologies. Rhesus conflict occurs in only ten percent of pregnant women. Serious problems with the development and state of health are noted in only two or three out of a thousand babies.