Once upon a time, no one really cared about car pollution. environment. But in our age of concern for the environment, every car produced has a fuel absorber. Every driver should know what this is, since he will definitely have to change this device after a certain time.

Brief information

Adsorption is called the process of absorption of one substance (more rarefied) by another (more dense) . At the same time, transformations of some chemical substances in others it does not happen. This principle finds application in various spheres of human life - from medicine to industry.

The following are used as absorbent substances:

• A carbon-containing substance of organic origin that has pores;
• Dried gel;
• Calcium and sodium aluminosilicates;
• Various minerals found in the natural environment.

Starting from the second generation of the Euro series environmental standard, all manufactured cars must have a special capacity to absorb gasoline or diesel fumes. European manufacturers who flout these rules are fined. Foreign violating factories are losing the European market.

The absorber is a small cylindrical container located under the hood of the car in close proximity to the engine.

Car enthusiasts often make a mistake in spelling the word "adsorber", replacing the letter “d” with “b”. The erroneous option is very common, but it is still normative adsorber.

Why is an absorber needed in a car?

Adsorption of fuel vapor occurs in each modern model car. Thanks to this technology, it is possible to achieve the following goals:

• Significant gasoline savings. Thanks to the design of the absorber, part of the fuel gases that have managed to condense flow back into the gas tank.
• The occupants of the car will no longer be disturbed bad smell, which was the case in many older models.
• The gas tank cap is now much easier to open. Even in the generations before last, in hot weather the pressure in the tank increased so much that it was physically difficult to open the fuel tank.
• Manufacturers claim that cars with absorbers are highly environmentally friendly. Indeed, thanks to these simple devices, gases that are toxic to the atmosphere do not enter the air. Considering that there are several billion cars in the world, the environmental benefits become quite obvious.
• Safety. Thanks to the operation of the vapor absorption system, it is possible to reduce (although not much) the explosion hazard of iron horses operating on liquid fuel.

The principle of operation of the absorber

The mechanism of action of the adsorber is as follows:

1. When the car engine is at rest, the pressure of gases evaporating from the surface of the fuel begins to increase in the gasoline tank.
2. These vapors enter a special container, where they are separated into liquid and gaseous fractions.
3. The liquid flows back into the gas tank, and the gases under high pressure pass through a system of tubes into the absorber.
4. After the driver turns the ignition key, electronic circuit the car will give a signal to open the valve on the engine.
5. Gases begin to escape from the absorber.
6. The entire volume of accumulated vapor enters the combustion chamber of the combustible mixture.
7. After entering the engine, the substance released from the adsorber is subject to complete combustion.
8. The amount of gases entering the engine depends on the time period during which the valve was opened.

Disadvantages of the device

Despite the fact that the absorber has on board almost every car sold on the market, this does not mean at all that it is without disadvantages:

• The dimensions of the device are quite significant, which is why it occupies quite a large usable space in the front of the machine;
• Significantly expensive installation. Place this device on old car- a rather expensive pleasure, which can hardly be repaid by some fuel savings. All vehicles coming off the assembly line include an absorber fee as a markup on the cost.
• There is a widespread opinion among car enthusiasts that the device “strangles” engines internal combustion and significantly reduces the dynamics of the car. Also, the speed and response time of the gas pedal allegedly drop. All this, however, does not find any confirmation in modern research.
• In the event of a breakdown, the driver should urgently go to the nearest technical center, otherwise a broken absorber will cause a lot of trouble. The least you will have to deal with is a drop in engine power. In advanced cases it breaks fuel pump. In addition, there are known cases of accidents caused by a gas tank cap flying off at high speed under vapor pressure.

Signs of a malfunctioning adsorber

The relative simplicity of the absorber design does not save the device from breakdowns. We list the main external signs of problems with the operation of the absorber:

1. An increase in gas pressure in the fuel tank, as indicated by a hissing sound when the lid is opened fuel tank.
2. As an indirect sign, you can take into account the drop in engine speed at idle. It should be noted that this symptom can accompany a huge number of “diseases” of the car. Therefore, a more detailed examination is necessary.
3. Increased acceleration time. This happens because if there is a problem with the absorber, the fuel pump begins to suffer first.
4. Specific smell of fuel in the interior of the car.

If you can detect several of these signs, a visit to a technical service center is mandatory. It should be borne in mind that the cost of replacing the device is quite high.

Some car enthusiasts, at their own peril and risk, in order to save money, decide not to change the absorber. However, such connivance can result in the breakdown of much more expensive units.

The fuel absorber is designed to absorb gases that are toxic to the human body and nature and accumulate in the fuel tank. What this integral element of a car’s design is, however, not all car enthusiasts know. Some even decide to remove it in order to improve engine dynamics. However, the negative result of such an action will not be long in coming.

Video about the operation of the fuel absorber

In this video, mechanic Dmitry Osokin will show the principle of operation of the fuel absorber in a modern car:

On the above car, the adsorber appeared quite a long time ago, after the introduction of the Euro-3 environmental standard. Thanks to this standard, cars had to be equipped with a special device that could contain evaporating fuel before it enters the atmosphere.

On a VAZ-2114 car, the absorber has the shape of a black cylinder, which is installed in engine compartment on the right side, near the radiator.

The principle of operation of the adsorber on the VAZ-2114

First, you need to understand what adsorption is. So, this is a certain process due to which the absorption of liquid and solid gaseous substances is carried out. A striking example of this can be the world’s first gas masks, where Activated Carbon acted as an adsorber. In the VAZ-2114 car, the adsorber is approximately the same device, only its design has become much more complex. A car adsorber today is a plastic case, inside of which there is a special filler that can trap gasoline vapors, thereby protecting the atmosphere from pollution. But this detail on the VAZ-2114 is not limited to this. The fact is that the adsorber also includes various valves and pipes.

The adsorber has no effect on fuel consumption at all, since its main purpose is to improve the environmental friendliness of the car. As the gas tank empties, fuel vapor rises up the neck and then enters the separator. At this point it again acquires a liquid state, as a result of which it returns to the tank. Some of the vapor that failed to condense ends up in the above-mentioned adsorber. The latter, by the way, is filled with the same Activated Carbon, designed to absorb harmful gases. It is quite remarkable that this process occurs with the engine turned off.

The fact is that while the engine is running, the adsorber is constantly purged by a special valve, which means that absolutely all gases are burned in the exhaust system. It follows that the main purpose of the adsorber is to neutralize gasoline vapors.

Possible damage to the adsorber

There are only two reasons for a clogged adsorber valve:

1. Low quality gasoline.
2. Canister filler particles clogged the valve.

By the way, there is another option for diagnosing an adsorber malfunction. If it is significantly clogged, but the gas tank cap is still in place, then from time to time you can hear a persistent smell of gasoline in the cabin, which appears and disappears on its own.

Features of adsorber removal

If you decide to completely remove the adsorber, you will need:

• replace the gas tank cap with a leaky one;
• replace firmware electrical unit management;
• plug the outlet and supply pipes.

As mentioned earlier, before removing the adsorber, you should think about the advisability of such an action, since there are no unnecessary parts in the car. But even if you decide to delete it, this process should be taken very seriously. First of all, you need to take care of the ventilation of the gas tank, which is simply necessary in the absence of an adsorber. Those car owners who convert a carburetor engine to an injection engine have an undeniable advantage. If they do not touch the tank pipes, then break carburetor system They won't be able to ventilate it. In this situation, there is no need for an adsorber in such cars.

In the case of the VAZ-2114 car, which has an injection engine, everything is much more complicated. However, there is no need to remove the adsorber either. It should be noted that the only positive aspect of having an adsorber is the reduction in the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere of our planet. The undeniable “disadvantages” of this detail include quite high cost, as well as too much space occupied by the adsorber under the hood. It is the last two facts that, as a rule, become the reason for making a decision to remove it.

But most often, car enthusiasts remove the adsorber after it has failed. Its cost is so high that car owners come to the conclusion that they are not really concerned about the state of the Earth's atmosphere. Moreover, removing this part is quite simple. To do this you need to put on a filter fine cleaning to the separator hose. Now all gasoline vapors will go directly into the atmosphere. In this case, there is no need to close the hose from the valve. But if it bothers you Check Engine, then you need to adjust the ECU control program so that this light stops glowing on the dashboard.

According to the new Euro-3 environmental standards, all vehicles must be equipped with equipment that prevents harmful fumes from recycled fuel from entering the atmosphere. The main function of capturing and processing fuel vapors in a car is performed by an adsorber, the principle of operation and design of which every car owner should have an understanding of.

1

Environmental protection is, of course, a very important topic for our country. It should concern everyone, especially vehicle owners. Every year, cars emit huge amounts of harmful fumes into the atmosphere, which will not make our world a better place. That is why every modern vehicle equipped, in which the adsorber plays a key role. Depending on the composition, the following types of parts are distinguished:

• with granular stationary adsorbent;
• with granular moving adsorbent;
• with a fine-grained adsorbent, the bottom layer of which is always in a boiling state.

The first type of parts, which are used by most car manufacturers around the world, are considered the most effective. The second and third types of parts are also capable of preventing fuel vapors from entering the atmosphere. However, both boiling and moving substances tend to enter the atmosphere along with processed vapors. Therefore, in order to maintain the operation of the vehicle's vapor recovery system, the amount of active substance must be checked regularly. To do this, each time it is necessary to dismantle the adsorber.

2

The design of an adsorber with a stationary substance includes a housing filled with an adsorbent. The latter is activated carbon. On both sides, the adsorber is connected to special tubes that connect the device to the vehicle’s fuel tank and control valve.

Automotive adsorbers work on the following principle: vapors from processed fuel rise upward. Further, through the hole at the neck of the fuel tank, the evaporation enters the separator. There they condense and then return to the fuel tank. That part of the vapor that does not have time to go through the condensation stage passes into the steam line, after which it is drawn into the adsorber. All this happens when the car is not started. When the engine is running, the fuel vapor recovery system opens a solenoid valve through which air enters the canister. This is how the process of blowing the part occurs. In this case, the fuel vapor remaining inside the element, together with the air, enters the car engine. There they are recycled.

Thus, the adsorber performs a double function. Firstly, the device prevents the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Secondly, drivers get the opportunity to save a small amount of fuel.

3

Due to almost continuous operation, the EVAP system canister very often fails. In this case, there are 2 reasons for the breakdown of a part:

1. The solenoid valve is not sealed, and the tube through which evaporation vapor passes into the engine is clogged. In this situation, fumes pass into the intake manifold, clogging it. If the car stops starting the first time or does not start when the tank is not full, these are direct signs that it is necessary to clean the pipes and check the valve tightness.
2. The tube became clogged, but the valve remained sealed. In hot weather, fumes will accumulate in the fuel tank, increasing the pressure inside it. A direct sign of such a breakdown is hissing when the tank is opened.

Having discovered a malfunction, many owners immediately buy a new adsorber and run to the nearest service station. However, doing this every time the device is clogged will be unaffordable for many drivers. Therefore, in order to save time and 6–7 thousand rubles, we can repair the adsorber ourselves.

To repair the system there is no need to purchase optional equipment. All we need is a set of keys, a screwdriver and a file. The fuel system canister is located in the wheel arch near the car engine. To get to the part, we do not need to dismantle other elements of the car.

First, open the hood lid. Next, we look for fasteners that secure the adsorber. Some car models have them, but other cars do not. Pull out the adsorber and unscrew its cover. Next, saw off the bottom part of the part. This must be done extremely carefully, as all the coal may spill out. It is advisable to first make small cuts on the wide side of the body and seal them with tape. Next, we file the adsorber along the remaining edges. The cutting depth should be no more than 10 mm. There is no need to cut deeper, since there are tubes on the inside of the body that compact the activated carbon. After we sawed off the bottom, we turn the adsorber over and peel off the tape. We disassemble the lower part of the part’s structure, taking out all the springs and filters. Carefully pour out the coal. Next we see the intermediate filters, take them out and check for damage.

Some manufacturers equip the adsorber with foam filters. This material has a big drawback - over time it turns into dust, clogging the adsorber and tubes. It is best to replace foam filters with felt pads. This material breaks down more slowly and allows fuel vapors to pass through much better.

After we have cut out the gaskets of the required sizes, we carefully apply them to the walls of the adsorber and treat the structure with sealant. Taking advantage of the moment, it is also worth replacing the activated carbon in the part. After this we assemble the adsorber. To fasten the 2 parts of the device, we coat the edges of the upper half with epoxy resin and apply the lower half to it. For better fixation of the device, you can additionally wrap it with tape. At the final stage, we assemble the entire structure in reverse order.

The entire job will take no more than two hours. However, the amount saved on a new adsorber is worth the time we spent.

The various parts of the car form a whole system, the components of which are in close interaction with each other. The failure of one of the elements immediately leads to disruption of the others, and as a consequence, to malfunction engine. In this article we will tell you about the adsorber purge valve. But before you find out what this valve is for and how to troubleshoot it, you need to understand how the adsorber works.

What is an adsorber?

The adsorber is a can located under the air intake on the right side in the engine compartment. This device has become actively used on fuel-injected cars whose environmental class has reached Euro 3.

The word "adsorber" is related to the word "adsorbing", which means the phenomenon in which gases are absorbed with the help of bodies in liquid or solid states. In the case of a car, the adsorber is filled with special carbon, which plays the role of a solid. The gas is gasoline vapor, the release of which into the atmosphere is extremely undesirable.

The principle of operation of any adsorber is that gasoline vapors formed in the gasoline tank enter a special separator located in the upper part of the adsorber. Here they again turn into a liquid state and go back to the fuel tank. If some part has not yet become liquid, it is captured by activated carbon and remains in the separator. Next, a special adsorber valve comes into play, which “transmits” the settled fuel residues intake manifold. After this, the vapors burn out in the engine and go into the exhaust system.

Operating principle of the adsorber valve

All processes associated with the operation of the valve are carried out while the engine is running. During its operation, the adsorber is purged or cleaned of fuel residues. Such a valve is used specifically for purging the device or ventilating it in order to get rid of excess sediment and increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

The operation of this device is indicated by specific noise. Many drivers can easily confuse this with a faulty timing belt. The operation of this device is checked by pressing the gas pedal. If the nature of the clicks does not change when the speed changes, then the source of their occurrence is the solenoid valve of the adsorber.

The essence of the work is as follows. When starting the engine the electronic unit control transmits a special signal to the actuator, which opens the valve. During engine operation, all gasoline vapors exit through the hole in the valve and are absorbed into the engine, ensuring fuel economy and environmental protection. After stopping the engine, the ECU resets the signal from the actuator and it closes the valve. At this time, gasoline vapor accumulates in the adsorber can.

How to diagnose a valve failure?

Like any other device, the adsorber is also prone to malfunctions associated with poor valve operation.

The first thing you should pay attention to Special attention is the pressure in the adsorber tank. Excessive pressure in the system. This happens when the valve does not open, and vapors in the adsorber tank have already accumulated and create high pressure. To detect such a breakdown, you can unscrew the adsorber cover and listen. If various hissing sounds are heard, it means the valve is faulty.

Another sign of a malfunction is unstable engine speed during idle. The fact is that the calculation of mixture enrichment takes into account the vapors leaving the adsorber, which means that if there is a shortage of them due to a clogged valve, the mixture will be lean and the engine speed will drop.

Naturally, the rational way out of the situation is to replace the faulty sensor. However, many drivers replace the device along with the adsorber tank itself, since it is prone to contamination when using low-quality fuel.

Video - How to correctly install (replace) the Lada Priora canister purge valve

That's all you need to know about the canister solenoid valve. As you noticed, this is not the last part of your car. That is why, if you find any fault in it, do not delay in replacing it.

After cars appeared that meet the Euro-3 environmental safety standard, car designers were puzzled by creating a device capable of trapping hydrocarbon vapors in order to eliminate their emissions into the atmosphere. Therefore in fuel system Most cars, and domestic cars, including VAZ, were no exception, a part appeared - an adsorber. What is it? I propose to consider this detail from all possible angles using an example domestic car VAZ 2114.

1 Adsorber - what is it?

If we carry out a literal translation of the word adsorber with in English, then in the end we will get two meanings that are similar in meaning - “absorb”, “depreciate”. What is its necessity anyway? Adsorption is a process in which gases are absorbed by both solid and liquid bodies. In this case, the main element that absorbs spent fuel vapor is activated carbon. It is with this that part of the free space of the adsorber is filled.

This part includes several structural elements:

• Adsorber
• Purge valve
• Canister and purge valve tubes
• Gravity valve
• Front steam pipe
• Vapor separator
• Fuel drain pipe
• Several hoses

2 The principle of operation of the adsorber in the VAZ 2114

The adsorber works as follows. Fuel vapors formed in the fuel tank rise upward and gradually accumulate at the neck of the tank, from where they have a direct path to the separator, in which the process of condensation of these vapors occurs. The vapors that have turned into liquid are drained back into the fuel tank. However, not all vapors have time to become liquid again. Part of the vapor that remains in the form of gas enters the adsorber, where it is absorbed using an adsorbent - activated carbon.

It is worth noting that the entire process described above takes place exclusively with the engine turned off. Otherwise, the system will have to open . In this case, gasoline vapors formed in the fuel tank and not having time to transform into liquid will be blown out through the engine inlet pipe VAZ 2114 and get burned.

This operating principle implies several advantages:

1. Preventing air pollution from harmful fumes
2. The car consumes less fuel while driving (although the level of economy does not reach 1 percent, but the fact is a stubborn thing - without burning gasoline vapor, the engine would require more fuel).

3 Signs by which you can determine that the adsorber is faulty

Even such a part as an absorber can become clogged and become unusable. The causes of the malfunction can be different (mechanical damage, natural wear of the absorbent element). The main sign of a malfunctioning adsorber is the presence of excess pressure in the fuel tank. The reason for this is the accumulation of an excessive amount of fuel vapor, which can neither turn into a liquid state nor be removed through the adsorber. It is quite simple to make sure that there is excess pressure of fuel vapor in the fuel tank - you just need to unscrew the fuel tank cap and listen for a hiss when opening the cap. If there is hissing, then it is time to change the adsorber, since an excessive amount of harmful vapors accumulates in the fuel tank.

There is another way to determine a malfunction in cars VAZ. After the engine warms up above a temperature of 60 ° C, a significant drop in engine speed at idle begins. In addition, your car may suddenly stall while driving for no specific reason.

If something similar happened to your car, we advise you to check the serviceability of the adsorber. This can be done as follows - disconnect the hose going to the manifold from the valve and plug it for two to three days. If the symptoms that bother you have not disappeared, and your beloved VAZ still “plays” with speed as it pleases, then, most likely, there is only one verdict - the adsorber is clogged.

Undoubtedly, the car has driven and will continue to travel for more than one kilometer even with a faulty adsorber, but at the same time idling it will float like a sine wave. However, we note that a malfunction of the adsorber that is not corrected in time, or at least excess fuel vapor that is not released from the fuel tank in time, threatens to “shoot” the fuel tank cap out of the neck, or maybe you simply will not be able to open it. Therefore, it is easier to replace a faulty part than to constantly be afraid of an unauthorized “shot”, since no one can predict where a flying off fuel tank cap will end up.

4 Replacing the adsorber

Replacement of this part in VAZ 2114 can be done at the station closest to you Maintenance, or you can do it yourself. Since you will spend no more than 20 minutes on everything, you can replace the adsorber yourself.

So let's get started. First you need to dismantle the part to be replaced. First, we free the adsorber from the existing fasteners, then we disconnect the hose that supplies fuel vapor to the throttle, and only after that the wires and block. The next step is to disconnect the purge valve and the fuel outlet hose from the separator. And finally, unscrew and remove the bracket (this will not take much time, since it is secured with only three bolts).

After successfully dismantling the used adsorber, we begin installing the purchased part. The longest piece of available rubber hose is connected to the tube through which fuel vapor is supplied to the purge channel. We attach the smaller part of the hose to the intake tube from the separator. Now, using the bracket, we install the adsorber in its rightful place. Next, the vapor supply hose is connected to the purge channel. The purge channel, in turn, is mounted on the engine cover. You also need to connect the block with wires here. A rubber tube is installed between the adsorber and the purge channel. Important: the tube must be resistant to gasoline and motor oil. The adsorber installation has been completed. Everything was done quickly, efficiently and without the involvement of third-party specialists.

5 Diagnostics of the adsorber purge valve on your own

If you only need to replace the adsorber valve, then going to the nearest service station makes no sense. This will take you no more than 5 minutes if you have a Phillips screwdriver. You can find such a valve in almost any store. car parts where spare parts for VAZ are sold. By the way, it is inexpensive - no more than 700 rubles. It is recommended to replace the adsorber sensor along with the valve, since it directly controls the valve. However, it is worth changing it if the sensor makes extraneous noise, reminiscent of crackling. Moreover, sometimes difficulties arise when it is necessary to purchase an adsorber sensor, since it is not sold everywhere.

First, you need to diagnose the adsorber valve for serviceability. To do this we need a multimeter and a couple of wires. Before checking, it is necessary to release the retainer and remove the wiring harness block from the purge valve. Then we connect the “minus” of the multimeter to “ground”. Turn on the ignition and measure the voltage at terminal “A” of the wire block. The multimeter reading should not be less than 12 Volts. If the multimeter display shows less than 12 volts or no voltage at all, then you most likely have a low battery or a faulty ECU.

Using a Phillips screwdriver, loosen the clamp that secures the tube to the valve. Remove the hose from the pipe. Using a screwdriver, remove the valve from the adsorber. Next, a voltage of 12 Volts from the battery must be applied to the terminals ("+" - terminal "A", "-" - terminal "B"). After applying voltage, the valve should open, making a characteristic click. If this does not happen, the valve must be replaced.

6 Replacing the canister purge valve in a VAZ 2114

So, let's start replacing the adsorber valve in the VAZ 2114. First, we turn off the power to the car by removing the negative terminal from battery. Then the plug is disconnected from the CPA. To get to the valve, we need to loosen the inlet pipe clamp a little, then remove it from the mass air flow sensor and move it to the side. Next, bend the valve mount a little to allow for smooth dismantling. It is necessary to move the mount to the side at a distance not exceeding 1 centimeter.

After all the operations performed, pull the valve up along the grooves. At this point, dismantling the adsorber valve is not yet completed. All that remains is to disconnect the supply fittings. The whole problem is that one of them is very easy to disconnect, but with the second, as a rule, difficulties arise. The catch is that the inlet fitting is secured with a special latch. To dismantle it, you need to pry off the plastic antennae, and for this you need to recess the latch (in this case, the fitting must be raised slightly upward). Dismantling is completed, installation is carried out in the reverse order.

7 Conclusion

So, let's summarize a little. We managed to find out why an adsorber is needed in the VAZ 2114 at all and how it can be replaced without resorting to the help of specialists. This part is very important for cars that meet Euro 3 environmental standards. If you remove the adsorber from a VAZ 2114 car, the level of environmental friendliness of your car will drop to “Euro 2” or “Euro 1”.