Task: install a homemade 220V engine preheater on a UAZ 31512
Progress of work on installing homemade preheating 220V for UAZ 31512
Installed it on the frame below the coolant drain valve from the block. I had some kind of bracket on the frame on purpose. I pulled him towards him with a clamp.
View from the radiator side
Instead of this tap, a fitting with a K1/4 thread was screwed in - this is the cold coolant intake.
At first I planned to supply the heated coolant also to the block, there above oil filter there is a plug for fitting K1/2...
It should have turned out something like this
...but I couldn’t unscrew it and had to connect it through a tee to the hose that goes from the block head to the heater radiator.
I filled in the drained antifreeze + about another liter. Started it up and cleared the system of air locks.
In the morning, after the frost at night, I turned it on for heating. after 2-3 minutes the hose from the heater is already warm. After half an hour the block head got hot. after 40 minutes there is the block itself.
Now the engine starts with half a turn, as in the summer, and does not stall for the first 5 seconds, as before.
Heater operation diagram
Heater operation diagram. Stolen from the Internet
Added 02/02/2015
I am posting a short report on the work.
The temperature after spending the night is -4.7 degrees. It was possible not to heat it, but the device was at hand and decided to take a measurement.
We turn on the heater and after 20 minutes the block head warms up to +12.2 degrees
Rating 0.00
Electric pre-heater AUTO+ SPUTNIK for UAZ models with UMZ 1.5 kW engine is designed for pre-heating of engine coolant internal combustion Vehicle and units in the cold season.
Specifications:
Supply voltage, V 220
Power consumption, W no more than 1500
Thermostat response temperature (shutdown), 95°C
Thermostat return temperature (switching on), 65°C
Electric shock protection class I
Degree of protection against moisture IP34
Installation and operation:
Installation:
The electric heater must not touch the engine housing or other parts of the vehicle.
The electric heater must be installed in a vertical position with the outlet pipe facing up, with a slight tilt allowed (no more than 15°).
Cut the hose into lengths: inlet hose 400 mm, outlet 230 mm. Secure the bracket to the heater with studs using washers and nuts. Place the sleeves on the corresponding heater pipes and secure the connections with clamps.
Open the drain valve and drain the coolant. Open the drain valve. Unscrew the plug with K1/2 thread from the engine cylinder block on the right side along the direction of the vehicle. Clean the holes. Unscrew the engine foot mounting bolt on the right side along the direction of the car.
Apply sealant to the threads of the K1/4 fitting and screw it in instead of the drain valve.
Apply sealant to the threads of fitting K1/2 and screw it in instead of the plug.
Secure the bracket with the heater with the engine foot bolt.
Place the clamp on the outlet sleeve. Place the outlet hose on fitting K1/2 and secure the connection with a clamp. Pour 250 ml of coolant through the inlet hose into the heater. Place the inlet hose onto the fitting with a K1/4 thread and secure the connection with a clamp. Fill the cooling system.
The power cable should be laid and secured with straps to ensure its safety from mechanical damage, as well as to prevent possible contact with moving and heated parts of the engine.
Check the connections for coolant leaks and repair them if present. Start the engine for 3-5 minutes, and after stopping the engine, add coolant to the required level.
Preparing for the first launch:
Fill the cooling system, check connections for leaks.
Start the car engine and let it run for 5-10 minutes. Then stop the engine and add coolant if necessary.
Connect the electric heater to the network.
After 2-5 minutes of operation of the electric heater, check the inlet and outlet hoses. The outlet sleeve must be warmer than the inlet sleeve.
Precautionary measures:
The heater can be operated only after the engine has warmed up to operating temperature (the thermostat must be open) and the efficiency of the interior heater has been checked. This must be done to eliminate air locks in the cooling system.
Do not use electrical extension cords without a grounding wire or rated for a current of less than 15 A.
It is forbidden to plug in the electric heater with the cover removed.
Do not use the heater if there is no coolant in it.
On all UAZ-3151 vehicles and on individual UAZ-31512, UAZ-31514, UAZ-31519 and UAZ-31513 vehicles, a starting heater was installed, designed to facilitate engine starting at ambient temperatures below minus 15 degrees by heating the coolant and oil in the engine crankcase. The fuel for the starting heater was gasoline used for the engine.
Starting heater UAZ-3151, general device.
The main part of the heater is a boiler of non-dismountable design, the cavities of which are permanently connected to the engine cooling system using inlet and outlet fittings and rubber hoses with clamps. The liquid jackets of the boiler are surrounded by two gas ducts, through which the gas formed during the combustion of the air-fuel mixture passes, heating the coolant.
At the bottom of the boiler there is a drain valve and a drain pipe connected to the combustion chamber of the boiler. In the combustion chamber of the boiler there are two threaded holes, into one of which a glow plug is screwed, and into the other - a fuel line fitting. To fill the coolant, the heater has a funnel with a stopper connected to the boiler liquid jacket with a rubber hose.
Air enters the combustion chamber of the boiler from a fan through a hose. A nozzle with a folding extension is connected to the boiler outlet pipe. Hot gas is removed from the gas ducts through it and, using a tray, is supplied to the engine oil sump.
Diagram of shielded electrical equipment of UAZ-3151 and UAZ-31513 vehicles with switching on electrical diagram starting heater.
Fuel is supplied to the starting heater boiler by gravity from float chamber through a faucet with an adjusting needle. In earlier versions of the heater, it was equipped with its own separate fuel tank. To supply air to the heater, a fan with a single-speed electric drive is installed on the radiator trim panel.
Fuel is pumped into the carburetor by an electric fuel pump installed on the left front part of the engine. The electric fuel pump is connected in parallel to the main pump and is designed for short-term operation, so after starting the engine it is necessary to turn it off.
Since the electric fan of the heater has one speed, when initially igniting the boiler, it is recommended to turn it on intermittently with a period of 1-2 seconds, not allowing it to develop a high rotation speed, so as not to overcool the glow plug and extinguish the resulting flame. When a stable combustion occurs, which is determined by noise, the fan must be turned on constantly.
The air-fuel mixture is ignited by a glow plug, which remains turned on until a stable combustion process is achieved in the boiler. Further ignition of the mixture occurs from the heated parts of the combustion chamber.
Hot gases give off part of the heat to the heated liquid, ensuring its thermosiphon circulation in a circle: boiler - outlet pipeline - jacket of the engine cooling system - supply pipeline - boiler. The exhaust gases leaving the boiler heat the oil in the engine crankcase.
The heater is controlled from the control panel. The glow plug on the panel serves to reduce the voltage in the glow plug circuit to 4 Volts and visually monitor its activation.
The procedure for starting the starting heater UAZ-3151.
If water is used as the coolant.
In exceptional cases, water may be used as a coolant for the UAZ-3151 engine. In conditions low temperatures ambient air, after the end of the day's operation of the car, when parking it for a long time, water is drained from the engine cooling system. In this case, before starting the starting heater, you must first prepare 10 liters clean water in one container and separately another 3 liters in another.
Before starting work with the starting heater, you must unscrew the plug from its filler funnel and remove the radiator cap, then clean the hole in the drain tube to ensure that excess gasoline is drained when the heater starts.
After this, fold the exhaust pipe nozzle extension into the working position and turn on the electric fuel pump using the switch on the control panel, pumping fuel into the carburetor. Turn on the fan electric motor for 10-20 seconds, this will purge the combustion chamber and heater flues with air. Turn off the fan motor and turn on the glow plug.
Hold the switch lever in the on position for 15-20 seconds until the spark plug glows. The glow of the spark plug can be determined by the glow of the control coil on the heater control panel. Open the fuel tap 1-1.5 turns and after 3-5 seconds turn on the fan.
As soon as you hear the first pop-flash in the combustion chamber, turn on the fan constantly. At the same time, a smooth hum of fuel combustion in the boiler should be heard. If the starting heater does not work, then stop the fuel supply, purge the combustion chamber and boiler flues and repeat the start again.
After the starting heater begins to operate stably, turn off the glow plug, adjust the fuel supply so that there is no emission of flame, and immediately pour 3 liters of water through the filler funnel of the heater boiler. When the engine coolant warms up, crank it several times. crankshaft engine using the starting handle, then start the engine as usual and fill the cooling system with water to normal.
After this, turn off the electric fuel pump, close the fuel supply valve to the boiler and, after the fuel has stopped burning, turn off the fan motor. Failure to comply with the specified procedure for turning off the heater may result in a reverse flame emission and burning of the air supply hose.
Return the extension nozzle of the exhaust pipe to the stowed position and start driving the car after warming up the liquid in the engine cooling system to a temperature of 60-70 degrees according to the temperature on the instrument panel.
If low-freezing liquid is used as coolant.
The procedure for starting the starting heater remains the same, with the exception that it will no longer be necessary to prepare water and fill the engine cooling system with liquid after the heater has started and started stable operation.
Possible malfunctions of the UAZ-3151 starting heater.
If the starting heater does not start at all, then the glow plug or control glow plug may be faulty; its glow is not visible in the slot. Or the battery voltage is insufficient. If during startup and operation of the starting heater the flame fails or the combustion fades, then the opening of the fuel tap should be slightly increased.
Maintenance and care of the UAZ-3151 starting heater.
Maintenance during daily operation consists of monitoring the tightness of pipelines, hoses, taps and their connections, inspecting and tightening the fastenings of the starting heater, and cleaning the glow plug from carbon deposits.
In preparation for the period of operation, it is necessary to clean the boiler of the starting heater from dirt, rinse its liquid jackets, clean the drainage tube, blow out the flues with compressed air, clean the threads of the boiler fill funnel plug, the nozzle with extension and the tray from dirt. When switching to summer operating mode, unscrew the filler cap of the heater boiler and lubricate it.
Looking for Easy Start-up Tools power plant in conditions of reduced temperatures, many car owners opt for antifreeze pre-heaters operating from a 220 V network. In such devices, powerful heating elements ensure fairly quick warm-up of the engine in winter.
At the same time, motorists often give preference to such domestically produced devices, including the Alliance pre-heater.
This decision is often due to the fact that domestic devices are cheaper than foreign ones, with decent build quality and acceptable performance of their functions.
This manufacturer has appeared on the market of equipment for heating power plants quite a long time ago, and its products are in demand.
Types of heaters, features
The company offers a choice of a number of models with different designs and technical characteristics. In most cases, the devices are intended for use on domestic passenger cars and trucks– VAZ, GAZ, UAZ, GAZelle, etc. But at the same time, installing the Alliance heater is quite possible on foreign cars.
Catalog preheaters this company includes models:
"Alliance-2-PC"
The only tank-type model on the list, the design of which includes a pump that circulates coolant through the system while the heater is operating. Thanks to this, it ensures more uniform heating of the cylinder block. The equipment has a vertical design. The power of the heating element is 2 kW;
This model comes in two types - 1.5 and 2.0 kW. Externally, it is identical to the model with a pump, but this version does not have a pump. Liquid circulation – gravity;
"Alliance -07"
Horizontal flow-type model with perpendicular pins. Designed for installation on vehicles that use a shortened cooling system return pipe and an angled antifreeze supply to the thermostat housing (VAZ classic models and some front-wheel drive models). The power of the heating element is only 0.7 kW, so it is more suitable for maintaining temperature rather than heating coolant;
"Alliance-08" and "08 Universal"
Flow model with horizontal position of terminals. The first version is intended for installation on GAZ cars, while the second is universal and can be used on foreign cars. Heater power – 0.8 kW;
Horizontal tank-type model with perpendicular outlets and a power of 3 kW. This heater is designed for use with truck engines;
The type of device affects the principle of operation. If everything is clear with a tank heater equipped with a pump - when turned on, the pump provides circulation, then gravity-fed ones should be considered in more detail, since the scheme of its operation is quite interesting.
Design and operating principle
The design of the Alliance 1.5 device consists of a housing with two terminals - a side supply and a central outlet. This housing plays the role of a reservoir, so it is placed inside a heating element. The leads of the heating element pass through the bottom cover, where it is connected to the power cable. Additionally, the design uses a thermostat that turns the device on/off when a certain temperature is reached (the upper limit is 85 degrees C, and the lower limit is 50 degrees C).
To ensure gravity movement of the coolant, a ball valve is installed in the underwater outlet.
It all works like this: initially the valve is open, so the reservoir is filled with antifreeze from the system. As the coolant is heated by the heating element, it begins to expand, causing the valve to shut off the supply. Further expansion causes the already heated antifreeze to be pushed out through the central (waste) outlet. A pressure drop occurs inside the housing and the valve opens again, releasing the next portion of coolant.
As for flow-through models, they are a regular tube in which a heating element is installed. In such devices, gravity circulation is carried out due to temperature differences.
Connection diagrams
Each type of model has its own connection diagram, which must be followed, otherwise antifreeze circulation will not be ensured (applies to gravity-fed models).
There may be several options for inserting a heater into the system. For example, some cars use a classic connection scheme, in which the fluid is supplied from the hole for the drain plug (a fitting is installed instead), and the outlet leads to the upper pipe coming from the radiator (the insertion is made using a tee).
But more often a slightly different connection scheme is used. In it, antifreeze is supplied through the same drain plug, but the drain is made into the hole in the temperature sensor of the cylinder block. For such a connection, a tee fitting is included with the device. It is screwed in instead of the temperature sensor. The sensor itself is then screwed into the end of the fitting, and the pipe from the heater is put on the side outlet of the tee.
As for flow-through models, their installation is much easier, since they simply cut into the required pipe of the cooling system.
In general, installation work should not cause any difficulties, since there is no need to redo anything, you just need to make the insert correctly.
Finally, a little about the operation of the device. After connecting the heater to the cooling system, the device itself (tank type) must be mounted on the engine (a bracket is included in the kit for this purpose)
All pipes and wiring coming from the equipment should be laid so that they do not touch moving elements that become very hot during operation of the power plant.
All Alliance models are equipped with a thermostat, but you shouldn’t rely on it alone. Therefore, it is better to connect the device to power via an adapter with a timer.
Video describing the Alliance heater
Related articles: